Chichen Itza Free Essays

Chichen Itza (articulated/têÆ'ië Ã«Ë†têÆ'é›n ië Ã«Ë†tsé'ë /;[1] from Yucatec Maya: Chi’ch’ã ¨en ÃÅ"itsha’,[2] â€Å"at the mouth of the well of the Itza†) is a huge pre-Columbian archeological site worked by the Maya human progress situated in the northern focus of the Yucatã ¡n Peninsula, in the Yucatã ¡n state, present-day Mexico. Chichen Itza was a significant point of convergence in the northern Maya swamps from the Late Classicthrough the Terminal Classic and into the early part of the Early Postclassic period. The site displays a huge number of building styles, based on what is called â€Å"Mexicanized† and suggestive of styles found in focal Mexico to the Puuc style found among the Puuc Maya of the northern marshes. We will compose a custom paper test on Chichen Itza or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The nearness of focal Mexican styles was once thought to have been illustrative of direct relocation or even success from focal Mexico, yet most contemporary understandings see the nearness of these non-Maya styles more as the consequence of social dispersion. The remnants of Chichen Itza are government property, and the site’s stewardship is kept up by Mexico’s Instituto Nacional de Antropologã ­a e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History, INAH). The land under the landmarks had been exclusive until March 29, 2010, when it was bought by the province of Yucatan.[3] he Maya name â€Å"Chich’en Itza† implies â€Å"At the mouth of the well of the Itza.† This determines fromchi’, which means â€Å"mouth† or â€Å"edge†, and ch’e’en, which means â€Å"well.† Itzã ¡ is the name of an ethnic-ancestry bunch that increased political and monetary strength of the northern landmass. The name is accepted to get from the Maya itz, which means â€Å"magic,† and (h)ã ¡, which means â€Å"water.† Itzã ¡ in Spanish is regularly deciphered as â€Å"Brujas del Agua (Witches of Water)† however a moNorthern Yucatã ¡n is dry, and the waterways in the inside completely run underground. There are two enormous, normal sink openings, called cenotes, that could have given ample water all year at Chichen, making it appealing for settlement. Of the two cenotes, the â€Å"Cenote Sagrado† or Sacred Cenote(also differently known as the Sacred Well or Well of Sacrifice), is the most renowned. As per post-Conquest sources (Maya and Spanish), pre-Columbian Maya yielded articles and individuals into the cenote as a type of love to the Maya downpour god Chaac. Edward Herbert Thompson dug the Cenote Sagrado from 1904 to 1910, and recouped curios of gold, jade,pottery, and incense, just as human remains.[7] An ongoing investigation of human stays taken from the Cenote Sagrado found that they had wounds predictable with human sacrifice.[8] The most effective method to refer to Chichen Itza, Essay models

Film Evaluation Reports Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Film Evaluation Reports - Movie Review Example While there is a propensity to consider such to be as lesser types of film, they can and ought to be acknowledged for the manner by which they show how societies can take a lighter perspective on themselves and of their legends. Movies that utilization irrationality as a reason for their amusement are frequently downplaying parts of society so as to reveal an insight into how genuine individuals now and again take themselves. Woochi (2009) is first set 500 years previously, an account of folklores and human governmental issues making a set up for the occasions that will happen in the present. The film starts with an account of trolls who take a thing called the Pipe of the Prophecy, the piece having powers that ought not get into an inappropriate hands. The flute is utilized by the one god to keep the others, each speaking to the lunar schedule year. Three demi-divine beings are attempting engaged with attempting to keep the flute from the trolls, or devils, yet when they fizzle, the y solicit the assistance from the Taoist Wizards who can recovered the flute. Be that as it may, the Master wizard’s understudy, who is somewhat gaudy and has a tremendous pride issue, is blamed for a homicide and he takes the flute and sets himself into a painted original copy to stow away. At the point when it is found that both he and the flute are in the original copy, one of the wizards, Hwadom, goes into the composition, just to understand that once he is close to the flute, he himself is one of the devils. This is a mystery to those devils who take human structure. They overlook that they are devils until they are close to the flute. Through a progression of occurrences, the flute is attacked three pieces, along these lines keeping Hwadom from recovering the flute and assembling it. In cutting edge Seoul, the trolls start by and by causing wickedness and the three mythical beings choose to liberate Woochi so as to stop the issue. The trolls, camouflaged as people, are outside of any present way to stop them, so setting Woochi, who has a portion of a similar information on the Taoist wizards from 500 years past, appears the most ideal approach to deal with the issue. They persuade Woochi to support them, and every one of them being in current Korea prompts a lot of cleverness dependent on the contention of how individuals of some other time would manage cutting edge life. 2.) What does the film uncover about the character and interests of the movie producer? What does the film uncover about the demeanor of the producer toward his subject? Clarify completely. The film connects with fantasy so as to set up its contentions and to discover manners by which to communicate human expectations and fears through embodiments. The idea of the lunar schedule animals is to embody explicit parts of the clouded side of humankind, along these lines examining the human presence through this kind of abstract examination. In making heavenly components, this present reality is reflected so as to make a sectional conversation of various enthusiastic pieces of being human. Folklore frequently detaches parts of human presence with the goal that those components can be investigated through a less mind boggling assessment. This is regularly the situation with humor too. Diversion takes into consideration a bit of writing to all the more intently inspect a piece of human life by confining a piece of it and taking a gander at it from different, irregular points of view. In this film, the ideas of drinking, blundering, and sexuality are taken a gander at from the point of view of outcasts glancing in, as the time fluctuation makes a ‘alien’ environment for the principle characters. Utilizing parts of

Enoughism, Essentialism, and Other Names for Minimalism

Enoughism, Essentialism, and Other Names for Minimalism Sometimes people avoid minimalism because the word itself sounds extreme, radical, subversive; afraid of stepping outside cultural boundaries, these people avoid simplifying their lives because they don’t want the label: minimalist. If minimalism  seems too austere, you can re-label your flavor of simplificationâ€"and we suggest any of the following isms: Intentionalism Enoughism Essentialism Selectivism Curationism Naturalism Stoicism Epicureanism Appropriatism Simplism Lessism Practicalism Livingwithinyourmeansism Any others? Create your own label and share it with us on Twitter using #SimpleLabel, and then see what other people are sharing. Call it whatever you want: no matter which ism  you prefer, the only thing that matters is that it helps you live with intention. Just remember: labels help define you, but they are not you. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Tesco Logistics and Operations Management - 584 Words

What is operations management? â€Å"Operations management is key to achieving competitive advantage for organizations, whether they are in manufacturing industry or service industry. Operations management addresses the questions an organization faces in its choice of products and manufacturing technology, utilization of capacity, maintenance of quality, costing and sourcing of materials, and customer handling policies.† What is logistics? â€Å"Logistics is the art of managing the supply chain and science of managing and controlling the flow of goods, and controlling the flow of goods, information and other resources like energy and people between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements. It involves the integration of information, It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging.† Tesco PLC founded in 1919 is a multinational merchandiser. Their head office is in Cheshunt, England, United Kingdom. They operate within 12 countries with 530,000 staff. From a â€Å"down market retailer† Tesco has transformed in the last â€Å"25 years or so† in to one of the Europe’s leading retailer. The â€Å"visible components† of their success are â€Å"Location†, â€Å"format of retail outlet† and the â€Å"range of products and services† offered both â€Å"online and in store† their â€Å"constant reinforcement of the corporate brand† played an important part however it was their †Logistics transformation† â€Å"lessShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management : Tesco And Safeway1392 Words   |  6 PagesSupply Chain Management Supply chain management has emerged as an important aspect in the modern business environment in light of the challenges businesses face because of rapidly changing customer expectations, inefficient product development processes, and increased cost of operations and human resources. This concept is increasingly considered as a new means of managing businesses and increasing performance and profitability. However, business enterprises must consider various aspects relatedRead MoreTesco Lotus’ Outsourcing to Linfox (Thailand)1535 Words   |  7 PagesTesco Lotus’ outsourcing to Linfox (Thailand) Case Study Write-Up for Strategic Management I. Tesco Lotus background relevant to the subject According to the British Chamber of Commerce Thailand, Ek-Chai Distribution System Co., Ltd, known as Tesco Lotus, was formed in 1998 with only 14 â€Å"Supercenters† in key regional locations[i]. Today, Tesco Lotus, as it claims on its website[ii], is the leading retailer in Thailand with running retail business from over 660 Tesco Lotus stores, 88Read MoreTesco Plc : A British Multinational Basic Need And General Stock Retailer1719 Words   |  7 PagesTesco PLC is a British multinational basic need and general stock retailer board in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom. 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Review and Analysis Background and Overview Read MoreTesco Entering in China1244 Words   |  5 Pagesfocuses on the entry and expansion strategies of Tesco in the Chinese market. The Chinese retail sector offered huge opportunities for international retailers with the average annual growth in the last 20 years being around 15%. Tesco entered China in 2004, after several successful Asian ventures including Thailand, South Korea and Japan. The Chinese market was a very different market in terms of tastes and preferences from the other markets that Tesco operated in. Therefore, it decided to enter theRead MoreTesco s Logistic Strategy Overview2129 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Page 1 Tesco s logistic strategy Page 1-2 McDonalds logistic strategy Page 2 Tecso future logistic page 2-3 McDonalds future logistic Page 3 Customers loyalty in Tesco Page 3 Customers loyalty in McDonalds Page3 Conclusion Page 4 Recommendation Page 4 Bibliography Page 4 References Page 4 Appendix Page 5 Introduction In this report i will analyse the logistic operation and the supply chain of Tesco and McDonald andRead MoreTesco Supply Chain7829 Words   |  32 Pagesâ€Å"The Evolution of Supply Chain Management in Retail Sector of Tesco and Analytical Study for the Period of 2005-2011† Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Supply chain as a whole can be seen as the flow of water in a river: organizations located closer to the original source of supply are described as being upstream , while those located closer to the end customer are downstream . The flow of the whole river is being concerned. In other words, supply chain is a network, whichRead MoreStrategic management Tesco2017 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Management Research Essay - Tesco The report below provides an insight into the supermarket company Tesco, with emphasis on the company’s internal analysis of resources, competence and competitive advantage, whilst also considering its external environment. Tesco are the chosen company for this report as they are the market leader within the supermarket industry, Tesco controls over 30 percent of the UK grocery market, a figure which is almost double the combined share of nearest rivalsRead MoreTesco : Retail Logistics Mgt2877 Words   |  12 Pagessustainable. The management of the organization achieve these goals through supply chain management has recently focused (Fawcett, et al., 2007). 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Definition and Examples of Telicity in English Grammar

In linguistics, telicity is the aspectual property of a verb phrase (or of the sentence as a whole) which indicates that an action or event has a clear endpoint. Also known as aspectual boundedness. A verb phrase presented as having an endpoint is said to be telic. In contrast, a verb phrase that is not presented as having an endpoint is said to be atelic. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AspectGrammaticalizationTransitivity EtymologyFrom the Greek, end, goal Examples and Observations Telic verbs include fall, kick, and make (something). These verbs contrast with atelic verbs, where the event has no such natural end-point, as with play (in such a context as the children are playing). —David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 4th ed. Blackwell, 1997 Testing for TelicityOne reliable test to distinguish between telic and atelic verb phrases is to try using the gerund form of the verb phrase as direct object of complete or finish, which refer to the natural point of completion of an action. Only telic verb phrases can be used in this way. . . . [What did you do last night?] - I finished {repairing the roof / *repairing}. (Repair the roof is a telic VP while repair is atelic.)It was 11:30 p.m. when I completed {writing the report / *writing}. (Write the report is a telic VP while write is atelic.)He {stopped / *finished / *completed} being their leader in 1988. (Be their leader is an atelic VP.) Unlike finish and complete, the verb stop refers to an arbitrary endpoint. It can therefore be followed by an atelic verb phrase. If it is followed by a telic one, stop is by implicature interpreted as referring to a provisional endpoint preceding the natural point of completion: I stopped reading the book at five. (implicates that I had not finished reading the book when I stopped reading it) (Renaat Declerck in cooperation with Susan Reed and Bert Cappelle, The Grammar of the English Tense System: A Comprehensive Analysis. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Verb Meaning and Telicity Because telicity is so dependent on clausal elements besides the verb, it could be debated whether it is represented in verb meaning at all. In order to explore that debate, lets start by comparing watch and eat. Examples (35) and (36) provide a minimal pair, in that the only element that differs in the two sentences is the verb. (35) I watched a fish. [Atelic-Activity](36) I ate a fish. [Telic-Accomplishment] Since the sentence with watch is atelic and the sentence with eat is telic, it seems we must conclude that the verb is responsible for the (a)telicity of the sentence in these cases, and that watch is by its nature atelic. However, that easy conclusion is complicated by the fact that telic situations can also be described with watch: (37) I watched a film. [Telic-Accomplishment] The key to whether each of these situations is telic or not is in the second argument--the verbs object. In the atelic watch example (35) and the telic eat example (36), the arguments look identical. Go a little deeper, however, and the arguments do not seem so similar. When one eats a fish, one eats its physical body. When one watches a fish, it is more than the physical body of the fish that is relevant--one watches a fish doing something, even if all it is doing is existing. That is, when one watches, one watches not a thing, but a situation. If the situation that is watched is telic (e.g. the playing of a film), then so is the watching situation. If the watched situation is not telic (e.g. the existence of a fish), then neither is the watching situation. So, we cannot conclude that watch itself is telic or atelic, but we can conclude that the semantics of watch tell us that it has situation argument, and the the watching activity is coextensive with . . . the arguments situation. . . .Many verbs are like this—their telicity is directly influenced by the boundedness or telicity of their arguments, and so we must conclude that those verbs themselves are unspecified for telicity. —M. Lynne Murphy, Lexical Meaning. Cambridge University Press, 2010 Telicity in the strict sense clearly is an aspectual property which is not purely or even primarily lexical. —Rochelle Lieber, Morphology and Lexical Semantics. Cambridge University Press, 2004

A Dirty Job Chapter 11 Free Essays

string(57) " your blood from the gaping wound we tear in your chest\." 11 THE GIRLS CAN GET A LITTLE DARK AT TIMES The Great Big Book of Death, as it turned out, wasn’t that big, and certainly wasn’t that comprehensive. Charlie read through it a dozen times, took notes, made copies, ran searches trying to find some reference to any of the stuff covered, but all of the material in the twenty-eight lavishly illustrated pages boiled down to this: 1. Congratulations, you have been chosen to act as Death. We will write a custom essay sample on A Dirty Job Chapter 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s a dirty job, but someone has to do it. It is your duty to retrieve soul vessels from the dead and dying and see them on to their next body. If you fail, Darkness will cover the world and Chaos will reign. 2. Some time ago, the Luminatus, or the Great Death, who kept balance between light and darkness, ceased to be. Since then, Forces of Darkness have been trying to rise from below. You are all that stands between them and destruction of the collective soul of humanity. 3. In order to hold off the Forces of Darkness, you will need a number two pencil and a calendar, preferably one without pictures of kitties on it. 4. Names and numbers will come to you. The number is how many days you have to retrieve the soul vessel. You will know the vessels by their crimson glow. 5. Don’t tell anyone what you do, or dark forces, etc. etc. etc. 6. People may not see you when you are performing your Death duties, so be careful crossing the street. You are not immortal. 7. Do not seek others. Do not waver in your duties or the Forces of Darkness will destroy all that you care about. 8. You do not cause death, you do not prevent death, you are a servant of Destiny, not its agent. Get over yourself. 9. Do not, under any circumstances, let a soul vessel fall into the hands of those from below – because that would be bad. A few months passed before Charlie worked the shop again alone with Lily. She asked him, â€Å"Well, did you get a number two pencil?† â€Å"No, I got a number one pencil.† â€Å"You rogue! Asher, hello, Forces of Darkness – â€Å" â€Å"If the world without this Luminatus is so precariously balanced that my buying a pencil with one-grade-harder lead is going to cast us all into the abyss, then maybe it’s time.† â€Å"Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa,† Lily chanted like she was trying to bring a spooked horse under control. â€Å"It’s one thing for me to be all nihilistic and stuff, for me it’s a fashion statement, I have the outfits for it. You can’t be all horny for the grave wearing your stupid Savile Row suits.† Charlie was proud of her for recognizing that he was wearing one of his expensive secondhand Savile Rows. She was learning the trade in spite of herself. â€Å"I’m tired of being afraid,† he said. â€Å"I’ve dealt with the Forces of Darkness or whatever, Lily, and you know what, we’re one and one.† â€Å"Should you be telling me this? I mean, the book said – â€Å" â€Å"I think I’m different than what the book says, Lily. The book says that I don’t cause death, but there have been two now that have died more or less because of my actions.† â€Å"And I repeat, should you be telling me this? As you have pointed out many times, I am a kid, and wildly irresponsible. It’s wildly irresponsible, right? I’m never listening that closely.† â€Å"You’re the only one who knows,† Charlie said. â€Å"And you’re seventeen now, not a kid, you’re a young woman now.† â€Å"Don’t fuck with me, Asher. If you keep talking like that I’ll get another piercing, take X until I’m dehydrated like a mummy, talk on my cell phone until the battery is dead, then find some skinny, pale guy and suck him until he cries.† â€Å"So, it will be like a Friday?† Charlie said. â€Å"What I do with my weekends is my own business.† â€Å"I know!† â€Å"Well, then shut up!† â€Å"I’m tired of being afraid, Lily!† â€Å"Well, then stop being afraid, Charlie!† They both looked away, embarrassed. Lily pretended to shuffle through the day’s receipts while Charlie pretended to be looking for something in what he called his walking satchel and Jane called his man purse. â€Å"Sorry,† Lily said, without looking up from the receipts. â€Å"S’okay,† Charlie said. â€Å"Me, too.† Still not looking up, Lily said, â€Å"But really, should you be telling me any of this?† â€Å"Probably not,† Charlie said. â€Å"It’s sort of a big burden to carry. Sort of – â€Å" â€Å"A dirty job?† Lily looked up now and grinned. â€Å"Yeah,† Charlie smiled, relieved. â€Å"I won’t bring it up again.† â€Å"That’s okay. It’s kind of cool.† â€Å"Really?† Charlie couldn’t remember anyone ever referring to him as cool. He was touched. â€Å"Not you. The whole Death thing.† â€Å"Yeah, right,† Charlie said. Yes! Still batting a thousand on the zero-cool quotient. â€Å"But you’re right, it’s not safe. No more talk about my, uh, avocation.† â€Å"And I’ll never call you Charlie again,† Lily said. â€Å"Ever.† â€Å"That would be fine,† Charlie said. â€Å"We’ll act like this never happened. Excellent. Good talk. Resume your thinly veiled contempt.† â€Å"Fuck off, Asher.† â€Å"Atta girl.† They were waiting for him the next morning when he took his walk. He expected it, and he wasn’t disappointed. He’d stopped in the shop to pick up an Italian suit he’d just taken in, as well as a cigar lighter that had languished in a curio case in the back for two years, which he stuffed in his satchel with the glowing porcelain bear that was the soul vessel of someone who had passed long ago. Then he stepped outside and stood just above the opening of the storm drain – waved at the tourists on the cable car as it clanked by. â€Å"Good morning,† he said cheerily. Anyone watching him might have thought he was greeting the day, since there was no one around. â€Å"We’ll peck out her eyes like ripe plums,† hissed a female voice out of the drain. â€Å"Bring us up, Meat. Bring us up so we can lap your blood from the gaping wound we tear in your chest. You read "A Dirty Job Chapter 11" in category "Essay examples"† â€Å"And crunch your bones in our jaws like candy,† added a different voice, also female. â€Å"Yeah,† agreed the first voice, â€Å"like candy.† â€Å"Yeah,† said a third. Charlie felt his entire body go to gooseflesh, but he shook it off and tried to keep his voice steady. â€Å"Well, today would be a good day for it,† Charlie said. â€Å"I’m well rested from sleeping in my comfy bed with the down comforter. Not like I spent the night in a sewer or anything.† â€Å"Bastard!† A hissing female chorus. â€Å"Well, talk to you on the next block.† Strolled up the block into Chinatown, pacing out the sidewalk jauntily with his sword-cane, the suit inside a light garment bag thrown over his shoulder. He tried whistling, but thought that might be a little too clich. They were already under the next corner when he got there. â€Å"I’m going to suck the baby’s soul out through her soft spot while you watch, Meat.† â€Å"Oh, nice!† Charlie said, gritting his teeth and trying not to sound as horrified as he was. â€Å"She’s starting to crawl around pretty well now, so don’t miss breakfast that day, because if she has her little rubber spoon, she’ll probably kick your ass.† There was a screech of anger from the sewers and a harsh, hissing chatter. â€Å"He can’t say that? Can he say that? Does he know who we are?† â€Å"Taking a left at the next block. See you there.† There was a young Chinese man dressed in hip-hop wear who looked at Charlie and took a quick step to the side so as not to catch whatever kind of crazy this well-dressed Lo pak[1] was carrying. Charlie tapped his ear and said, â€Å"Sorry, wireless headset.† The hip-hop guy nodded curtly, like he knew that, and despite appearances to the contrary, he had not been trippin’, but had, in fact, been chillin’ like a mo-fuckin’ villain, so step the fuck off, wigga. He crossed against the light, limping slightly under the weight of the subtext. Charlie entered Golden Dragon Cleaners and the man at the counter, Mr. Hu, whom Charlie had known since he was eight, greeted him with an expansive and warm twitch of the left eyebrow, which was his usual greeting, and a good indicator to Charlie that the old man was still alive. A cigarette streamed at the end of a long black holder clinched in Hu’s dentures. â€Å"Good morning, Mr. Hu,† Charlie said. â€Å"Beautiful day, isn’t it?† â€Å"Suit?† said Mr. Hu, looking at the suit Charlie had slung over his shoulder. â€Å"Yes, just the one today,† Charlie said. Charlie brought all of his finer merchandise to Golden Dragon to be cleaned, and he’d been giving them a lot of business the last few months, with all the estate clothes he’d been taking in. He also had them do his alterations, and Mr. Hu was considered to be the best three-fingered tailor on the West Coast, and perhaps, the world. Three Fingered Hu, he was known as in Chinatown, although to be fair, he was actually possessed of eight fingers, and was only missing the two smaller fingers from his right hand. â€Å"Tailor?† Hu asked. â€Å"No, thank you,† Charlie said. â€Å"This one’s for resale, not for me.† Hu snatched the suit out of Charlie’s hand, tagged it, then called, â€Å"One suit for the White Devil!† in Mandarin, and one of his granddaughters came speeding out of the back, grabbed the suit, and was gone through the curtain before Charlie could see her face. â€Å"One suit for the White Devil,† she repeated for someone in the back. â€Å"Wednesday,† said Three Fingered Hu. He handed Charlie the ticket. â€Å"There’s something else,† Charlie said. â€Å"Okay, Tuesday,† said Hu, â€Å"but no discount.† â€Å"No, Mr. Hu, I know it’s been a long time since I needed it, but I wonder if you still have your other business?† Mr. Hu closed one eye and looked at Charlie for a full minute before he replied. When he did, he said, â€Å"Come,† then disappeared behind the curtain leaving a cloud of cigarette smoke. Charlie followed him into the back, through a noisy, steaming hell of cleaning fluids, mangle irons, and a dozen scurrying employees to a tiny plywood-walled office in the back, where Hu closed the door and locked them in as they did their business, something they’d first done over twenty years ago. The first time Three Fingered Hu had led Charlie Asher through the stygian back room of Golden Dragon Cleaners, the ten-year-old Beta Male was sure that he was going to be kidnapped and sold into dry-cleaning slavery, butchered and turned into dim sum, or forced to smoke opium and fight fifty kung fu fighters at once while still in his pj’s (Charlie had a very tenuous grasp of his neighbors’ culture at age ten), but despite his fear, he was driven by a passion that had been embedded in his very genes millions of years ago: a quest for fire. Yes, it was a crafty Beta Male who first discovered fire, and true, it was almost immediately taken away from him by an Alpha Male. (Alphas missed out on the discovery of fire, but because they did not understand about grabbing the hot, orangey end of the stick, they are credited with inventing the third-degree burn.) Still, the original spark burns bright in every Beta’s veins. When Alpha boys have long since moved on to girl s and sports, Betas will still be pursuing pyrotechnics well into adolescence and sometimes beyond. Alpha Males may lead the armies of the world, but it’s the Betas who actually get the shit blowed up. And what better testimonial for a purveyor of fireworks than to be missing critical digits? Three Fingered Hu. When Hu opened his thick, trifold case across the desk, revealing his wares, young Charlie felt he had passed through the fires of hell to arrive, at last, in paradise, and he gladly handed over his wad of crumpled, sweaty dollar bills. And even as long silver ashes from Hu’s cigarette fell over the fuses like deadly snow, Charlie picked his pleasure. He was so excited he nearly peed himself. The death-dealing Charlie who walked out of Golden Dragon Cleaners that morning with a compact paper parcel tucked under his arm felt a similar excitement, for as much as it was against his nature, he was rushing, once again, into the breech. He headed to the storm sewer grate and, waving the glowing porcelain bear from his satchel at the street, shouted, â€Å"I’m going over one block and up four, bitches. Join me?† â€Å"The White Devil has finally gone around the bend,† said Three Fingered Hu’s eleventh grandchild, Cindy Lou Hu, who stood at the counter next to her venerated and digitally challenged ancestor. â€Å"His money not crazy,† said Three. Charlie had noticed the alley on one of his walks to the financial district. It lay between Montgomery and Kearney Streets and had all the things a good alley should have: fire escapes, Dumpsters, various steel doors tagged with graffiti, a rat, two seagulls, assorted filth, a guy passed out under some cardboard, and a half-dozen â€Å"No Parking† signs, three with bullet holes. It was the Platonic ideal of an alley, but what distinguished it from other alleys in the area was that it had two openings into the storm-drain system, spaced not fifty yards apart, one on the street end and one in the middle, concealed between two Dumpsters. Having recently developed an eye for storm drains, Charlie couldn’t help but notice. He chose the drain that was hidden from the street, crouched down about four feet away, and opened the parcel from Three Fingered Hu. He removed eight M-80s and trimmed the two-inch-long waterproof fuses to about a half inch with a pair of nail clippers he kept on his key chain. (An M-80 is a very large firecracker, purported to have the explosive power of a quarter of a stick of dynamite. Rural children use them to blow up mailboxes or school plumbing, but in the city they have largely been replaced by the 9 mm Glock pistol as the preferred instrument of mischievous fun.) â€Å"Kids!† Charlie called into the drain. â€Å"You with me? Sorry I didn’t get your names.† He drew the sword from his cane, set it by his knee, then dug the porcelain bear out of his satchel and sat it by his other knee. â€Å"There you go,† he called. There was a vicious hiss from the drain, and even as he thought it was completely dark, it got even darker. He could see silver disk shapes moving in the blackness, like coins tumbling through a dark ocean, but these were paired up – eyes. â€Å"Give it, Meat. Give it,† whispered a female voice. â€Å"Come and get it,† Charlie said, trying to fight down the greatest case of the willies he’d ever felt. It was like dry ice was being applied to his spine and it was all he could do not to shiver. The shadow in the drain started to leak out across the pavement, just an inch or so, but he could see it, like the light had changed. But it hadn’t. The shadow took the shape of a female hand and moved another six inches toward the glowing bear. That’s when Charlie grabbed the sword and snapped it down on the shadow. It didn’t hit pavement, but connected with something softer, and there was a deafening screech. â€Å"You piece of shit!† screamed the voice – now in anger, not pain. â€Å"You worthless little – you – â€Å" â€Å"Quick and the dead, ladies,† Charlie said. â€Å"Quick and the dead. C’mon, give it another shot.† A second hand-shaped shadow snaked out of the drain on the left, then another on the right. Charlie pushed the bear away from the drain as he pulled the cigar lighter from his pocket. He lit the short fuses of four of the M-80s and tossed them into the drain, even as the shadows were reaching out. â€Å"What was that?† â€Å"What did he throw?† â€Å"Move, I can’t – â€Å" Charlie put his fingers in his ears. The M-80s exploded and Charlie grinned. He sheathed the sword in the cane, gathered up his stuff, and sprinted for the other drain. Inside an enclosed space the noise would be punishing, brutal even. He kept grinning. He could hear a chorus of screaming and cursing, in half a dozen dead languages, some of them running over others, like someone was spinning the dial on a shortwave radio that spanned both time and space. He dropped to his knees and listened at the drain, careful to stay an arm’s length away. He could hear them coming, tracking him under the street. He hoped he was right that they couldn’t come out, but even if they did, he had the sword, and the sunlight was his turf. He lit four more M-80s, these with longer fuses, and tossed them one by one into the drain. â€Å"Who’s New Meat now?† he said. â€Å"What? What did he say?† said a sewer voice. â€Å"I can’t hear shit.† Charlie waved the porcelain bear in front of the drain. â€Å"You want this?† He tossed in another M-80. â€Å"You like that, do you?† Charlie shouted, throwing in the third firecracker. â€Å"That’ll teach you to use your beak on my arm, you fucking harpies!† â€Å"Mr. Asher,† came a voice from behind him. Charlie looked around to see Alphonse Rivera, the police inspector, standing over him. â€Å"Oh, hi,† Charlie said, then realizing that he was holding a lit M-80, he said, â€Å"Excuse me a second.† He tossed the firecracker in the drain. At that moment they all started going off. Rivera had retreated a few steps and had his hand in his jacket, presumably on his gun. Charlie put the porcelain bear in his satchel and climbed to his feet. He could hear the voices shrieking at him, cursing. â€Å"You fucking loser,† screeched one of the dark ones. â€Å"I’ll weave a basket of your guts and carry your severed head in it.† â€Å"Yeah,† said another voice. â€Å"A basket.† â€Å"I think you threatened that already,† said a third. â€Å"I did not,† said the first. â€Å"Shut the fuck up!† Charlie yelled at the drain, then he looked at Rivera, who had drawn his weapon and was holding it at his side. â€Å"So,† Rivera said, â€Å"problems with, uh, someone in the drain?† Charlie grinned. â€Å"You can’t hear that, can you?† The cursing was ongoing, but now in some language that sounded as if it required a lot of mucus to speak properly, Gaelic or German or something. â€Å"I can hear a distinct ringing in my ears, Mr. Asher, from the report of your distinctly illegal fireworks, but beyond that, nothing, no.† â€Å"Rats,† Charlie said, unconsciously raising an eyebrow in a so are you gonna buy that load of horseshit? way. â€Å"Hate the rats.† â€Å"Uh-huh,† Rivera said flatly. â€Å"The rats, they used their beak on your arm and evidently you feel that they have a secret desire for cheap animal curios?† â€Å"So that you heard?† Charlie asked. â€Å"Yep.† â€Å"That’s gotta make you wonder, then, huh?† â€Å"Yep,† said the cop. â€Å"Nice suit, though. Armani?† â€Å"Canali, actually,† Charlie said. â€Å"But thanks.† â€Å"Not what I’d pick for bombing storm drains, but to each his own.† Rivera hadn’t moved. He was standing just off the curb, about ten feet away from Charlie, his weapon still at his side. A jogger ran by them and used the opportunity to quicken his pace. Charlie and Rivera both nodded politely as he passed. â€Å"So,† Charlie said, â€Å"you’re a professional, where would you go with this?† Rivera shrugged. â€Å"Not on any prescriptions you might have taken too many of, are you?† â€Å"I wish,† Charlie said. â€Å"Up all night drinking, thrown out by the wife, out of your mind with remorse?† â€Å"My wife passed away.† â€Å"I’m sorry. How long?† â€Å"Going on a year now.† â€Å"Well, that’s not going to work,† said Rivera. â€Å"Do you have any history of mental illness?† â€Å"Nope.† â€Å"Well, you do now. Congratulations, Mr. Asher. You can use that next time.† â€Å"Do I have to do the perp walk?† Charlie asked, thinking about how he’d explain this to child services. Poor Sophie, her dad an ex con and Death, school was going to be tough. â€Å"This jacket is tailored, I don’t think I can get it over my head for the perp walk. Am I going to jail?† â€Å"Not with me, you’re not. You think this would be any easier for me to explain? I’m an inspector, I don’t arrest guys for throwing firecrackers and yelling into storm drains.† â€Å"Then why do you have your weapon drawn?† â€Å"Makes me feel more secure.† â€Å"I can see that,† Charlie said. â€Å"I probably appeared a little unstable.† â€Å"Ya think?† â€Å"So where’s that leave us?† â€Å"That the rest of your stash?† Rivera nodded toward the paper bag of firecrackers under Charlie’s arm. Charlie nodded. â€Å"How about you toss that down the storm drain and we’ll call it a day.† â€Å"No way. I have no idea what they’ll do if they get their hands on fireworks.† Now it was Rivera’s turn to raise an eyebrow. â€Å"The rats?† Charlie threw the bag in the storm sewer. He could hear whispering from below, but tried not to show Rivera that he was listening. Rivera holstered his weapon and shot his lapels. â€Å"So, do you take suits like that into your shop very often?† he asked. â€Å"More now than I used to. I’ve been doing a lot of estate work,† Charlie said. â€Å"You still have my card, give me a call if you get a forty long, anything Italian, medium-to lightweight wool, oh, or raw silk, too.† â€Å"Yeah, silk’s perfect for our weather. Sure, I’ll be happy to save you something. By the way, Inspector, how did you happen to be in a back alley, off a side street, in the middle of a Tuesday morning?† â€Å"I don’t have to tell you that,† said Rivera with a smile. â€Å"You don’t?† â€Å"No. You have a nice day, Mr. Asher.† â€Å"You, too,† said Charlie. So now he was being followed both above and below the street? Why else would a homicide detective be here? Neither the Great Big Book nor Minty Fresh had said a word about the cops. How were you supposed to keep this whole death-dealing thing a secret when a cop was watching you? His elation at having taken the battle to the enemy, something that was deeply against his nature, evaporated. He wasn’t sure why, but something was telling him that he had just fucked up. Below the street the Morrigan looked at one another in amazement. â€Å"He doesn’t know,† said Macha, examining her claws, which shone like brushed stainless steel in the dim light coming from above. Her body was beginning to show the gunmetal-blue relief of feathers, and her eyes were no longer just silver disks, but now had the full awareness of a predatory bird’s. She had once flown over the battlefields of the North, landing on those soldiers who were dying of their wounds, pecking out their souls in her bird form of a hooded crow. The Celts had called the severed heads of their enemies Macha’s Acorn Crop, but they had no idea that she cared nothing for their tributes or their tribes, only for their blood and their souls. It had been a thousand years since she had seen her woman claws like this. â€Å"I still can’t hear,† said her sister Nemain, who groomed the blue-black feather shapes on her own body, hissing with the pleasure as she ran the dagger points over her breasts. She was showing fangs as well, which dented her delicate jet lips. It had been her lot to drip venom on those she would mark for death. There was no fiercer warrior than one who had been touched by the venom of Nemain, for with nothing to lose, he took the field without fear, in a frenzy that gave him the strength of ten, and dragged others to their doom with him. Babd raked her rediscovered claws across the side of the culvert, cutting deep gouges into the concrete. â€Å"I love these. I forgot I even had these. I’ll bet we can go Above. Want to go Above? I feel like I could go Above. Tonight we can go Above. We could tear his legs off and watch him drag himself around in his own blood, that would be fun.† Babd was the screamer – her shriek on the battlefield said to send armies into retreat – ranks of soldiers a hundred deep would die of fright. She was all that was fierce, furious, and not particularly bright. â€Å"The Meat doesn’t know,† repeated Macha. â€Å"Why would we give away our advantage in an early attack.† â€Å"Because it would be fun,† said Babd. â€Å"Above? Fun? I know, instead of a basket, you can weave a hat from his entrails.† Nemain slung some venom off her claws and it hissed in a steaming line across the concrete. â€Å"We should tell Orcus. He’ll have a plan.† â€Å"About the hat?† asked Babd. â€Å"You have to tell him it was my idea. He loves hats.† â€Å"We have to tell him that New Meat doesn’t know.† The three moved like smoke down the pipes toward the great ship, to share the news that their newest enemy, among other things, did not know what he was, or what he had wrought on the world. How to cite A Dirty Job Chapter 11, Essay examples

Child Obesity Middle and Low Income Countries

Question: Discuss about theChild Obesityfor Middle and Low Income Countries. Answer: Introduction Childhood obesity has become one of the major social health challenges of the twenty-first century. It used to be a public health concern of high-income countries. But it is now a worldwide problem and at present progressively distressing several middle and low-income countries, predominantly in urban areas. The pervasiveness has amplified at a frightening percentage. Juvenile obesity has become more than double in children and quadrupled in teenagers in the previous thirty years. Globally, in the year 2013, the total of obese children below age five was estimated to be more than forty-two million. Near about thirty-one millions of these children are residents of developing countries. Obesity is triggered by inequality between calorie consumption and energy used. Different other factors such as hereditary, behavioral, and environmental can also causeobesity in children. Obese and overweight children are probable to remain obese into later life and more possible to develop non-communi cable ailments such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at an earlier age. But these diseases are generally preventable. Thus, high priority is needed for the prevention of childhood obesity. The best strategy for decreasing childhood obesity is to develop diet habits and exercise planning of the entire family. Reducing and preventing childhood obesity aids to protect the wellbeing of the children today and in the future. Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a major health complication that harmfully impacts the infants and adolescents. Obesity arises when children are much above the standard weight for their age and height (Wang et al. 2013). Frequency of childhood obesity is rising at an alarming rate in many countries, including Australia, America, and England (Lobstein et al. 2015). In Australia, 1 in 5 kids and adolescents are either obese or overweight. The statistics of overweight kids in Australia has doubled in current years, with a quarter of kids considered obese or overweight. At the existing rate, it is projected that sixty-five percent of Australian children will be obese or overweight by the year 2020. This escalation in the figure of overweight children is distressing, as it can cause health complications and can lead to social jeopardize.Main reasons of obesity in Australian children consist of harmful diet adoptions, deficiency of physical activities and nutritional habits of the family (Aihw.gov.au 2016). Causes Childhood obesity can be triggered by a variety of elements which frequently play their role in combination (Wang et al. 2013). The medical terminology for this combination of elements is known as Obesogenic environment. The most common roots of childhood obesity are a sedentary lifestyle, deficiency ofphysical activities, unhealthy nutritional habit, genetic influences or a combination of factors. Only in exceptional cases, childhood obesity is triggered by medical circumstances such as a hormonal imbalance. One of the major risk factors for childhood obesity is the obesity of both mother and father. This may be reflected by the environment and genetic composition of the family. Other causes may be due to psychological issues and the body type of the child (Karnik and Kanekar 2015). Child obesity probably is the consequence of the interaction of natural selection esteeming those withmore parsimonious energy metabolismand consumerist civilization of present day with easy access to hi gh-calorie junk foods and a smaller amount of energy expenditure in everyday life (Papoutsi 2013). Elements consist of the upturn in the usage of technology, escalation in unhealthy snacking and serving proportions of meals, and the reduction in the physical activity of children (Goran 2016). Some studies found kids those use electronic devices three or more than three hours a day possess seventeen to forty-four percent increased the risk of being overweight, or a ten to sixty-one percent increased the risk of obesity. Total diet and physical activity level of a child plays a significant role in shaping a weight of that child. Nowadays, maximum children spend more time being sedentary. For instance, many children spend almost four hours every day watching television. As video games and computers becoming increasingly popular, the amount of inactivity is also increasing (Gurnani et al. 2015). Effects on Health Obese children are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular disorders like high blood pressure and high level of cholesterol. According to many research findings, seventy percent of obese children have as a minimum of a single risk factor for cardiovascular disorders (Karnik and Kanekar 2015). As stated by Sahoo et al. 2016 and many other authors, childhood obesity can also lead to life-threatening situations such as severe heart disorders, cancer, and other complications. Obese children are more likely to be pre-diabetics, a health complication in which blood sugar ratio indicates a higher possibility of developing diabetes. Children who are overweight are at bigger risks for joint and bone disorders, sleep apnea and societal and psychological glitches such as stigmatization and deprived self-esteem (Gurnani et al. 2015). Obese children are likely to grow as obese as adults and are consequently at more risk for adult health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and different types of cancers (Goran 2016 and Sahoo et al. 2016).Few studies indicated that children who turn into obese at an early age of two years are more likely to be obese adults (Barton 2012). Obesity and overweight are connected with amplified threat for many categories of malignancy, including cancer of the colon, breast, oesophagus, endometrium, pancreas, kidney, thyroid, gallbladder, cervix, ovary, and prostate as well as Hodgkins lymphoma and multiple myelomas (Stewart and Wild 2016). Preventive Interventions for Childhood Obesity This report emphases on childhood obesity prevention strategies which are directed at preventing kids from acquiring excess body mass and decreasing their chances of developing obesity. Interventions to inhibit childhood obesity target to change dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and physical activities (Gortmaker et al. 2015). As these interventions vary considerably depending on the settings, this report is organized on the primary settings where the interventions can be implemented. School-Based Interventions These interventions took place principally in schools though they might include parents, community and home activities. Evidence showed that school-based physical activities and diet programs moderately prevent overweight and obesity in children (Gortmaker et al. 2015). The grade of the interventions can be implemented from play school, primary schools, middle schools to high schools (Wang et al. 2013). Most of these interventions target both physical activity and nutritional habits even though there are some interventions that focus on an only individual aspect such as watching television or limiting consumption of carbonated beverages (Gortmaker et al. 2015) or increasing physical training period in schools. Physical activity related interventions impact on BMI, circumference of waist and body fat percentage. These interventions are designed to prevent weight gain by decreasing sedentary behavior, promoting involvement in physical activities and improving fundamental movement skill s among children (Who.int 2016). School-based interventions are most effective when conducted for a duration of 52-156 weeks. The effect of a combined nutritional and physical activity intervention on obese children can be very effective. These interventions should include intensive classroom exercise instructions led by proficient educators, vigorous to moderate physical training sessions, nutritional educations, and promotion of healthy diet habit (Wang et al. 2013). Children who follow long-term interventions generally show significant positive changes in systolic blood pressure lowering, physical performances, reduced the risk of cardiovascular diseases, lower sedentary activities, increased vegetable and fruit consumption and reduced intake of carbonated drinks (Gortmaker et al. 2015). Several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that physical activity interventions and combined physical activity and diet interventions within school-based situations with a home constituent inhibit overweight and obesity in children. Few studies showed significant improvements in BMI and prevalence of obesity and overweight in the school-based setting with a community component. Interventions focused on weight gain prevention, education and making structural changes to promote physical activity were found to be effective (Wang et al. 2013). Home-Based Interventions Home-based interventions can be implemented in the home of the children. For example, these strategies include interventions to alter the food products purchased for home and family fitness etc. (Wang et al. 2013). Home-based interventions are not effective as much as the school-based interventions but when designed properly they can also deliver healthy lifestyle and eating habit which certainly have a significant role in the childhood obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications. In home-based interventions, parents are provided with instructions to help their kids to develop healthy eating habits and make them understand the benefits of being physically active (Sung?Chan et al. 2013). Children must take part in minimum sixty minutes of physical activities with moderate-intensity every day if possible. Parents can set a great example for their children. Adding physical activity to the parents daily routine can encourage the kids to participate (Showell et al. 2013). Children spend most of their sedentary time in their home. Parents are recommended to reduce sedentary time by limiting television watching, internet surfing video game. Children must not spend more than two hours a day in front of internet, television or video game (Knowlden and Sharma 2012). Community-Based or Environment-Level Interventions These include interventions provided by the implementation of legislations and policy or by modifications to build environment. These interventions include communication with the community such as church groups. The strength of evidence is insufficient in case of community-based interventions. However, evidence suggested that a combination of physical activities and nutritional interventions, when implemented at the community level with some school component can effectively prevent overweight and obesity in children. Building environment and designing communities to encourage physical activities is important (Wang et al. 2013). Communities should make available places where children can perform outdoor activities, mainly within their residential neighborhoods, and where they can safely walk, travelor ride cycles to destinations such as the playgrounds, parks, or schools. Since modifications to the built environment can improve prospects for children and teens to securely play outside and be more physically energetic, such modifications are a serious constituent of any action intervention to prevent childhood obesity. These interventions involve local governments, in association with the community groups and private developers to confirm that each neighbourhood has well-designed and safe recreational amenities and other facilities for physical activity for the children (Bleich et al. 2013). Communities may necessitate such environmental features in new developments and custom innovative methods to retrofit current neighborhoods. Moreover, native governments must confirm that paths are constructed to encourag e safe bicycling, walking, and other physical activities within the community and the neighborhood. Residents also have an accountability to advocate for modifications in policies disturbing their localities. Native administrations and school authorities should confirm that kids have safe bicycling paths and way of walking between their houses and schools and that they are motivated to use them. Interventions to support safe walking and bicycling to schools need to be adopted by the communities. One such intervention is the walking school bus program in which one or more guardians walk to school with and manage a group of children from the locality (Wang et al. 2013). According to Bleich et al. 2013, local administrations should effort together with the community clusters, native farmers, non-profitable establishments, food processors and local trades to maintain multi-sectoral partnerships and linkages that increase the accessibility of nutritious foodstuffs within walking distance. Such interventions can increase healthy food selections at local grocery stations, markets, and restaurants, and they will assure a wide assortment of community food-security inventiveness that increases access to nutritional foods for the children. Conclusion In is clear that preventing childhood is very much significant. Children are future of every nation. Thus, it is essential to secure their health and well-being. Several interventions are there to prevent this global epidemic. There are many effective interventions and legislative policies for childhood obesity prevention and control. Among the three types of interventions, it is observed that school-based interventions are most effective in childhood obesity prevention. Appropriate school-based interventions can cause noteworthy affirmative changes in reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, systolic blood pressure lowering, physical performances, lower sedentary activities, increased vegetable and fruit consumption and reduced intake of carbonated drinks. The community-based interventions can also be effective but their implementation is much more complex. Home-based interventions alone are not effective as an adequate prevention measure. School-based interventions together with ho me and community settings can bring significant changes in childhood obesity prevention. Childhood obesity risk can be diminished by educating parents and children about healthy diet and inspiring them for physical activities. Sustainability of these interventions is an important element so that children can take on these healthy habits as a lifetime practice and have a healthy lifestyle. Successful implementation of these interventions will lead to a nationwide healthy prospect for the children. References Aihw.gov.au. (2016).Overweight and obesity (AIHW). Barton, M., 2012. Childhood obesity: a life-long health risk.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,33(2), pp.189-193. Bleich, S.N., Segal, J., Wu, Y., Wilson, R. and Wang, Y., 2013. Systematic review of community-based childhood obesity prevention studies.Pediatrics, pp.peds-2013. Goran, M.I. ed., 2016. Childhood Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Approaches. Gortmaker, S.L., Wang, Y.C., Long, M.W., Giles, C.M., Ward, Z.J., Barrett, J.L., Kenney, E.L., Sonneville, K.R., Afzal, A.S., Resch, S.C. and Cradock, A.L., 2015. Three interventions that reduce childhood obesity are projected to save more than they cost to implement.Health Affairs,34(11), pp.1932-1939. Gurnani, M., Birken, C. and Hamilton, J., 2015. Childhood obesity: causes, consequences, and management.Pediatric Clinics of North America,62(4), pp.821-840. Karnik, S. and Kanekar, A., 2015. Childhood obesity: a global public health crisis.Int J Prev Med, 2012. 3 (1), pp.1-7. Knowlden, A.P. and Sharma, M., 2012. Systematic review of family and home?based interventions targeting paediatric overweight and obesity. Obesity Reviews,13(6), pp.499-508. Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M.L., Hall, K.D., Gortmaker, S.L., Swinburn, B.A., James, W.P.T., Wang, Y. and McPherson, K., 2015. Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture.The Lancet,385(9986), pp.2510-2520. Papoutsi, G.S., Drichoutis, A.C. and Nayga, R.M., 2013. The causes of childhood obesity: a survey.Journal of Economic Surveys,27(4), pp.743-767. Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A.K., Sofi, N.Y., Kumar, R. and Bhadoria, A.S., 2015. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences.Journal of family medicine and primary care,4(2), p.187. Showell, N.N., Fawole, O., Segal, J., Wilson, R.F., Cheskin, L.J., Bleich, S.N., Wu, Y., Lau, B. and Wang, Y., 2013. A systematic review of home-based childhood obesity prevention studies.Pediatrics,132(1), pp.e193-e200. Stewart, B. and Wild, C.P., 2016. World cancer report 2014.World. Sung?Chan, P., Sung, Y.W., Zhao, X. and Brownson, R.C., 2013. Family?based models for childhood?obesity intervention: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Obesity Reviews,14(4), pp.265-278. Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Wilson, R.F., Bleich, S., Cheskin, L., Weston, C., Showell, N., Fawole, O., Lau, B. and Segal, J., 2013. Childhood obesity prevention programs: comparative effectiveness review and meta-analysis. World Health Organization, 2016. Population-based approaches to childhood obesity prevention.

Bullying in school

Introduction Bullying can be defined as aggressive behavior that takes into account unwanted and negative actions toward another person or group of people. It is a situation whereby people repeatedly and intentionally use actions or words against others with an aim of causing distress and risks to them. Bullying is mostly evident when there is an imbalance of power among individuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying in school specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, powerful or influential people are said to practice or bully other learners (Olweus, 1993, p. 20). In addition to this, those in power tend to bully others with an aim of making them feel less powerful. Bullying is totally different from conflict though it has been evident that some people bully others because of conflict. The purpose of this study is to explore bullying as it applies in the learning institutions such as schools (Olweus, 1993, p. 45). Discussion There are three different types of bullying namely face-to-face bullying, covert bullying and cyber bullying. Despite their differences, the results are the same that is distress and pain to the people being bullied. Face-to-face bullying is an interesting area of study because it clearly demonstrates bullying in school (Espelage Swearer 2004, p. 71). Students tend to think that bullying is harmless by considering it as a part of life or growth for juniors to experience. In contrary, bullying is harmful because it can result to physical harm, loneliness, insecurity and unhappiness to students being bullied. Face-to-face bullying involves actions such as kicking or punching, insulting and name-calling (Smith, Pepler Rigby, 2004, p. 57). Historical roots of bullying Students consider bullying as a school culture even though it is contrary to the school rules and regulations of schools. From historical point of view, bullying is often associated with senior s tudents who perceive themselves as being more powerful than juniors. In regard to this, new comers or first year students are the victim of bullying (McGrath, 2006, p. 23). It has been noted that bullying gains its historical roots from the discipline of the school. This is to mean that the origin of bullying could be traced back to the history of the school based on the aspect of discipline. In schools whereby discipline is lacking, there are high levels of bullying among students because there are no active rules that can hinder them from bullying each other (Van- Krieken, Habibis, Smith, et al, 2010, p. 34). However, it was further noted that students bully each other because they have been bullied before meaning that they bully others as way of revenge of what happened to them (Rigby, 2007, p. 61).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research and Statistical Reports on Bullying In Sch ools Through a review of several researches conducted in the U.S. based on bullying in public school it was evident that eighty percent (80%) of public school experience some incidence of bullying among the students for instance, public schools with students of different or varying races such as the black American and the whites (Rigby, 2007, p. 36). In such schools, segregation of students by race is highly witness with white students bullying black American students because of ethnicity background (Beane, 2010, p. 25). Nearly in every school there is a certain level of bullying because bullying is perceived as a school culture whereby students nickname each other, insult, and punch or kick each other. Statistically, in every 100 fresher’s, at least twenty percent are bullied by senior students. Second year students are said to practice bullying more often than any other students because they tend to think that first years are powerless students in school. The research findi ngs indicated that schools with high levels of bullying experiences low levels of academic performance among the students. For instance, according to Beane (2010), 90% of bullied students attain poor grades in school because their concentration is interfered with by bullies (Beane, 2010, p. 43). Conclusion Bullying in schools is highly associated with the level of discipline practiced in schools meaning that schools with low levels of disciplines provides fertile grounds for aggressive behaviors leading to incidences of bullying. As mentioned within the context of the study, bullying is applicable in every public school in varying levels of implications. Africa- American students are prone to bullying by the whites students in America public schools. Bullying can only be eliminated if discipline is given a place to play in school but it is quite difficult to clear or do away with bullying in its totality because it is perceived by students as a school culture. References Beane, A. L . (2010). Bullying prevention for schools: A step-by-step guide to implementing a successful anti-bullying program. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Espelage, L. D. Swearer, M. (2004).Bullying in American schools: A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention. New York, NY: Routledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying in school specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More McGrath, M. J. (2006).School bullying: Tools for avoiding harm and liability. London: Corwin Press. Olweus, D. (1993).Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell. Rigby, K. (2007). Bullying in schools and what to do about it: Revised and updated. London: Aust Council for Ed Research. Rigby, K. (2010). Bullying interventions in schools: Six basic approaches. London: Aust Council for Ed Research. Smith, P., Pepler, D.J Rigby, K. (2004). Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions b e? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Van- Krieken, R., Habibis, D., Smith, P., et al (2010). Sociology. 4 Edn. Sydney: Pearson Education. This essay on Bullying in school was written and submitted by user Audrianna Johnston to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Ancient Practice of Bloodletting in Archaeology

The Ancient Practice of Bloodletting in Archaeology Bloodlettingpurposefully cutting the human body to release bloodis an ancient ritual, associated with both healing and sacrifice. Bloodletting was a regular form of medical treatment for ancient Greeks, with its benefits debated by scholars such as Hippocrates and Galen. Bloodletting in Central America Bloodletting or auto-sacrifice was a cultural trait of most of the societies in Mesoamerica, beginning with the Olmec perhaps as early as 1200 AD. This type of religious sacrifice involved a person using a sharp instrument such as an agave spine or sharks tooth to pierce a fleshy part of his own body. The resulting blood would drip onto a lump of copal incense or piece of cloth or bark paper, and then those materials would be burned. According to historical records of the Zapotec , Mixtec, and Maya, burning blood was one way to communicate with the sky gods. Artifacts associated with bloodletting include sharks teeth, maguey thorns, stingray spines, and obsidian blades. Specialized elite materialsobsidian eccentrics, greenstone picks, and spoonsare thought to have been used for elite bloodletting sacrifices in the  Formative period and later cultures. Bloodletting Spoons A so-called bloodletting spoon is a type of artifact discovered on many Olmec archaeological sites. Although there is some variety, the spoons generally have a flattened tail or blade, with a thickened end. The thick part has a shallow off-center bowl on one side and a second, smaller bowl on the other side. Spoons usually have a small hole pierced through them, and in Olmec art are often depicted as hanging from peoples clothing or ears. Bloodletting spoons have been recovered from Chalcatzingo, Chacsinkin, and Chichà ©n Itz; the images are found carved in murals and on stone sculptures at San Lorenzo, Cascajal, and Loma del Zapote. Olmec Spoon Functions The real function of the Olmec spoon has long been debated. Theyre called bloodletting spoons because originally scholars believed them to have been for holding blood from auto-sacrifice, the ritual of personal bloodletting. Some scholars still prefer that interpretation, but others have suggested spoons were for holding paints, or for use as snuffing platforms for taking hallucinogens, or even that they were effigies of the Big Dipper constellation. In a recent article in Ancient Mesoamerica, Billie J. A. Follensbee suggests Olmec spoons were part of a hitherto unrecognized toolkit for textile production. Her argument is in part based on the shape of the tool, which approximates bone weaving battens recognized in several Central American cultures, including some from Olmec sites. Follansbee also identifies several other tools made of elite greenstone or obsidian, such as spindle whorls, picks, and plaques, that could have been used in weaving or cord-making techniques. Sources Follensbee, Billie J. A. 2008. Fiber technology and weaving in formative-period Gulf Coast cultures. Ancient Mesoamerica 19:87-110. Marcus, Joyce. 2002. Blood and Bloodletting. Pp 81-82 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, Susan Toby Evans and David L. Webster, eds. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. Fitzsimmons, James L., Andrew Scherer, Stephen D. Houston, and Hector L. Escobedo 2003 Guardian of the Acropolis: The Sacred Space of a Royal Burial at Piedras Negras, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity 14(4):449-468.

Social and environmental sustainability v financial sustainability Essay

Social and environmental sustainability v financial sustainability - Essay Example Such is a sustainable society (Schaltegger, Bennett and Burritt, 2006). Therefore, sustainability refers to an ideal towards which we strive and against which we weigh our proposed plans, actions, expenditures and decisions. Sustainability is a means of looking at a society in the broadest sense possible in terms of space and time. Every community has its different social, economic and environmental systems that make the pursuit of sustainability a local endeavour depending on the systems surrounding the particular community. Every society has its unique concerns and needs, and the quantity, quality, balance, and the importance of these matters is unique. The term sustainability can be defined differently depending on the context and the discipline in which the word is being used. In a more general dimension, sustainability can be taken to refer to the endurance of processes and systems (Del Bo and Bignami, 2014). Therefore, social and environmental sustainability refers to the persistence of the social and environmental systems and processes. Financial sustainability refers to the persistence of the economic processes and systems as applied to the business environment. The sustainable development forms the organizing principle for sustainability. The movement towards sustainability presents a social challenge that involves national and international law, transport and urban planning, individual and local lifestyles alongside ethical consumerism. There are varied ways in which corporations and individuals strive to live sustainably (Staicu and Feleaga, 2013). These may take the form of reappraising the economic sectors, reorganizing the living conditions, the use of science to create technologies, reappraising o work practices and the adjustment of individual lifestyles. Despite the increased use of the term sustainability, the attainment of environmental

The Nature and Importance of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Nature and Importance of Leadership - Essay Example Ms. Rodgers served as an Assistant Manager of a local state bank for more than 10 years before assuming the position of a Unit Manager for the health institution. She had been the Unit Manager for five years now. Through her educational background, having graduated with a master’s degree in business administration from a reputable university; in conjunction with years of experience in a managerial position, makes her the perfect candidate for the current project. Leadership was deemed to be crucial in the organization Ms. Rodgers serve due to the relevance of according high quality in patient care. As such, she asserted that the subordinates who she governs should be regularly motivated, monitored, and evaluated to perform according to explicitly defined roles, responsibilities, and goals. Likewise, she believes that learning to lead is important for students like me so that we would imbibe the pertinent theories and discern how these should be applied in current and future se ttings. As a coach and motivator: She was asked to design strategies to motivate the followers into achieving identified goals; while taking into account the needs, drives, and professional growth of her followers. As a technical problem solver: As a manager, she has addressed various problems in the work-setting which required evaluating various alternative courses of action and selecting the option which maximized the benefits and minimized costs. As an entrepreneur: She makes decisions after taking the perspectives of senior management, or the real entrepreneurs; and assumes a proactive role in capturing opportunities, as well as addressing threats in the external environment. As a strategic planner: Ms. Rodgers noted that she is consistently a strategic planner through acknowledgment of goals as her standards and designing strategies that facilitate the attainment of these goals.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fracking

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fracking Research Review Due to the nature of the question its structure appears to be formulaic; one side looking at the potential benefits and the other presenting counter arguments centring on environmental and social impacts. This structure led naturally to researching the potential benefits of fracking first. A good starting point was the official government report Shale gas and fracking[1], this gives a wide overview of the situation regarding fracking in the UK; however the area that is of particular interest for this project refers to the â€Å"Economic implications†. Regular comparisons are made with the United States; where fracking has been implemented on a large scale, dramatically changing their energy landscape for the better. These comparisons have led to the conclusion that â€Å"shale gas was unlikely to be a â€Å"game-changer† as in the US†, this is down to the comparable shortage of land on which to drill in the UK. Suggesting that UK fracking will yield considerably lower economic benefits than the US, despite this according to a May 2013 report referenced in the document a scenario has been put forward â€Å"Where UK shale gas production attracts  £3.7 billion per year and supports up to 74,000 jobs†, clearly showing the potential benefits of fracking. As expected from a government report counter arguments are provided very effectively, this is a vital part of a cost benefit analyse; the main purpose of the document. A large portion of the document is dedicated to â€Å"Environmental considerations†, relating well to the environmental and social impacts section of my dissertation, therefore this source covers arguments both for and against fracking in the UK and will prove very useful when writing my dissertation. Looking at the origin of the source it appears credible, published on the 22nd January 2014 suggests that up to date information has been used, it has also been written by a plethora of different writers, thus decreasing the chances of any bias influencing conclusions. Finally it is an official government document therefore likely to be highly reliable with informed decisions being made following the collation of large amounts of research data. Although the report made clear there is a distinct lack of information regarding fracking in UK, for example â€Å"the amount of shale gas that could be commercially extracted† is not known, possibly making any further assumptions such as how far could fracking bring down energy costs, unreliable as no exact calculations can be made. Shale gas and fracking raised the idea of Shale gas being used as â€Å"bridge† from coal to clearer renewable sources of energy. A similar idea is addressed in Michael Levi’s research paper Climate Consequences of Natural Gas as a Bridge Fuel[2]; this explores the use of natural gas as a bridge fuel. The main function of this bridge fuel is â€Å"smoothing a transition †¦ from fossil fuels to zero carbon energy by temporarily offsetting the decline in coal use†. Levi takes a research orientated approach using hypothetical scenarios to answer this question; he begins with 6 traditional stabilization scenarios before constructing â€Å"six new â€Å"bridge† scenarios† and finally â€Å"six delayed transmission scenarios†. This modelling demonstrates the effects of these different scenarios on CO2 concentration and temperature change; this is significant when assessing the potential benefits of fracking as if it can lower CO2 output and po tentially reduce dependency on coals leading to â€Å"zero carbon energy† it could suggest there is a strong case for it implementation. Again this source presents both sides of the argument, the converse of which is that methane emissions from the extraction of natural gas â€Å"will severely reduce or entirely negate the climate benefits of lower CO2 emissions†. Despite this potential downfall not necessarily fitting my counter argument of the environmental and social impacts, it could be used to evaluate the potential benefits of fracking. Dr Levi, a David Rubenstein senior fellow for energy and the environment, is highly regarded having published many scholarly articles for a number of academic papers such as the Oxford press. Therefore this source seems highly credible as the author has extensive experience in the field of energy and fracking. Despite this there is considerable ambiguity over the conclusions made, he is aware that he has only used a limited number of scenarios and that â€Å"examination of additional scenarios could further reinforce or challenge his result†. Upon appraisal it was evident that a clear fracking debate was emerging, this led me to a particular TED talk entitled The Fracking Debate[3] delivered by Terry Engelder, a leading authority on the Marcellus gas shale play. Engelder believes that the economy will only grow in proportion to its availability to energy and that fracking should be used to fuel this growth. Engelder arguments are not constructed in such a way that champions fracking but instead by deposing its alternatives, for example if America was to implement wide scale renewable energy programs such as solar and wind then it would experience numerous problems. Such as, extensive use of solar panels become susceptible to sudden voltage shocks from the emerging sun causing failure in transmissions systems. He also raises the fact that these are heavily subsidised; unlike fracking. Finally the counter argument over methane emissions from fracking offsetting the reduction in CO2 in Levi’s paper is disproved, Engel der suggests that Co2 emissions will have a far more sever effect on global temperature change as oppose to Methane emissions because of its short  ½ life. In terms of utility this source is highly subjective; Engelder’s has a strong pro fracking stance, which may result in bias thus limiting objectivity. Although having said this the arguments raised demonstrate the potential benefits of fracking are very logical therefore it will prove useful when writing my dissertation. During this TED talk Engelder refers to the book the end of country[4] by shamus McGraw, this provides a valuable case study with personal insight into the effects of fracking on a local scale. McGraw acts a detached narrator recalling the discovery of the Marcellus gas shale play worth an estimated $1 trillion. He demonstrates how some benefited from this discovery selling their land to oil companies, but at the same time explores the complex moral issues behind selling land that generations have relied on, for a quick profit; resulting in it becoming permanently scared. McGaw is an experienced freelance writer; therefore this book is likely to give an accurate account from a neutral perspective avoiding any subjectivity. However he may be prone to exaggeration for dramatic effect, which could influence the reader. On its own The end of country cannot be given considerable weighting as it only refers to one example and is therefore not representative of every Fracking scenario. Although it is a good piece of supplementary evidence to support the arguments raised in my dissertation. These local economic benefits raised The end of country could be seen as a positive. Yet Prof. Susan Christopherson of Cornell University argues that these are short-term and that the communities will suffer in the long run, these views are presented on her Green choices website[5]. She refers extensively to the â€Å"ripple affect† that occurs once natural gas extraction has begun in an area, these include â€Å"Direct effects on property values, the local tax base †¦ costs associated with increased use of infrastructure, especially roads and bridges†. This source will prove extremely useful when examining the social impacts of fracking as it allows a deeper level of analysis looking at the longer term impacts rather than more immediate ones. It could also provide a good link between my two arguments, as on the one hand you have the short term gain but this is countered by the long term impacts. The Green choices movement is a product of Cornell University; therefore we would expect the information provided to be very reliable, having been collated and assed by a number of academics who have devoted many hours of research into these conclusions. However we must consider the number of case studies used to come to these conclusions, if they used a limited number then results may not be representative of all areas. The environmental impacts of fracking are also explored in the Sustainalytics research paper Fracking under Pressure: The Environmental and Social Impacts and Risks of Shale Gas Development[6]. It has subdivided environmental impacts into â€Å"land† and â€Å"water† as well as a specific case study into ground water contamination. It also deals with social impacts such as â€Å"light and noise pollution† from continuously running rigs. However this paper had a disappointing lack of counter arguments, none the less it is still of great use as I am only using to strengthen the Environmental and social impacts side of my argument, thus it is not imperative that in contains counter arguments; the fact that it is a high reliable scholarly article is more important. Although it was published in 2011 so it may be subject to out of date information. The final source to add weight to the environmental and social impacts side of my argument is the ReFINE[7] project; this is the biggest research project of its kind in Europe, dedicated to researching â€Å"the issue of shale gas and oil exploitation using fracking methods and its potential risks†. It not only referred to the already established environmental and social costs of fracking, but also raised some new issues that would add to my argument against fracking e.g. the argument over orphaned wells and who should take responsibility for them. One of most important factors associated with ReFINE is the fact that it has be carried out in Europe rather than America, making it the most relevant source that I have found as I plan to centre my dissertation around fracking in the UK. A common weakness in many of my other sources is that they may not be applicable to the UK. The source is objective, simply presenting the facts rather than trying to influence opinions. After reading the ReFINE paper I decided to try and gain a deeper insight into the implications behind it and try to find out what those behind it personally thought of Fracking in the UK. To do this I emailed the project lead who forwarded me on Dr Liam Herringshaw who was also involved in formulating the project, he agreed to answer any questions I had for him. This is an extremely valuable primary source; however I am aware it is highly subjective as it is only one persons opinion. Therefore I plan to use his responses not to base whole arguments on but rather to support arguments that have already been established. I believe there is no definitive answer to my question; views tend to be a result of the perspective, rather than hardened evidence. I hope that by formulating my ideas in a logical way using my sources both as the basis for my reasoning as well as to supplement my arguments; I will be able to construct a well-balanced argument from which a conclusion made. [1] Edward White, Mike Fell, Louise Smith, Matthew Keep, Shale gas and fracking, (London 2014). [2] Michael Levi Climate Consequences of Natural Gas as a Bridge Fuel , (January 2013) [3] Terry Engelder, The Fracking Debate, video, TED, (June 2013) [4] Shamus McGraw, The end of country, (2012) [5] http://greenchoices.cornell.edu/development/shale/ [6] Sustainalytics, Fracking under Pressure: The Environmental and Social Impacts and Risks of Shale Gas Development, (August 2011) [7] ReFINE project, (2013)

College Transition

In today's society it is important to receive a college education to join the workforce. However, the transition from high school to college can be a very intimidating experience for many students. To make the college transition less frightening, students can take several precautions while still in high school. These precautions include participating in extracurricular activities, taking challenging courses, as well as developing good time management skills. Participation in extracurricular activities is important in succeeding in a college environment because it helps students to explore their interests and talents. Challenging courses also benefit students because they help to prepare students academically for the demanding workload found in college. Time management is yet another important skill to have because it will help students to manage their time between academics and socialization Participation in extracurricular activities is a great resource for students to grow as individuals. Students have many opportunities to choose from when participating in extracurricular activities. The most common opportunities for participation in extracurricular activities are found in schools, communities, and religious organizations. The most accessible extracurricular activities to students are those that are school related. School sponsored extracurricular activities include sports, student clubs, and musical organizations. Community organizations are also popular among students, and serve as great extracurricular opportunities. Communal extracurricular activities include awareness groups, focus groups, and reform groups. Although not as popular as school or community organizations, religious organizations also serve as a strong ingredient for extracurricular opportunities. Religious related organizations consist of faith groups, retreat groups, and study groups. Besides participating in extracurricular activities to belong to a specific group, students can also volunteer for community service. Community service teaches students responsibility, helps to build strong friendship bonds, and helps to make important business contacts. Students are taught responsibility when performing community service because they are no longer thinking about themselves. The students' priorities are however, now to help those whom they are doing this service for. Strong friendship bonds are also established through community service. By performing community service, students continuously associate with one another and often grow to become great friends. Community service is also important in establishing important business contacts. Students can volunteer in an area that interests them, and at the same time make important connections that may help them in the future. Taking challenging courses while still in high school will help students prepare for the demanding workload that they will find in college. Most high school senior students believe that it is their right to take a minimal amount of courses because it is their last year in high school. This kind of thinking can however, frustrate these students in the future because they will be overwhelmed by all the work assigned to them in college. College professors expect entering students to have a solid education especially in English and mathematics, and will expect a great amount of effort from their students. In college, students do not have the option of complaining about having too much work. By being used to a demanding class schedule while still in high school, the transition from high school to college will be much easier. Students who take challenging courses while still in high school will also become more proficient learners. Students will become more proficient learners because these challenging courses will expand their vocabulary, as well as narrow their interests. Students who take challenging courses will build a larger vocabulary because they will be taught in a much more demanding environment. The more challenging courses will also familiarize students with many then unknown terms. High school students who do not want to be challenged are never exposed to new material because these students only take those courses that they are already familiar with. Students who take challenging courses however, will be exposed to new material that may help to shape their future careers. Time management is the most important skill to possess in order to succeed in college. Many students have difficulty succeeding in college because they do not know how to organize their time between academics and socialization. There are numerous distractions found on a college campus that often lead to the hesitation of doing schoolwork. Some students like to put homework off for later because they see schoolwork as a burden. Instead, students do what is pleasurable to them, often ignoring schoolwork altogether. By knowing how to manage their time, students will be able to enrich their lives academically as well as socially. A good time management skill also leads to good study habits. Although some students know how to separate their time between academics and socialization, they often encounter problems in the way that they approach their studying. Many students do not know how to, or for how long to study on certain tests. The best solution for students is to experiment with many different study methods, whether it would be studying with or without music, alone or with a group, or in your dorm or at the library. Although most students will not immediately recognize what study habits work best for them, good time management skills will be of great help. Good time management skills will enable the student to focus on particular topics that he or she may have trouble with. By being able to focus on a particular topic, students will be able to apply different study methods since the subject matter that they are struggling with will have the students' full cooperation. Although there are many more precautions that students have to take before attending college, being exposed to extracurricular activities, taking challenging courses, and developing good time management skills while still in high school will undoubtedly help students to succeed in college. Being involved in extracurricular activities in high school will help students find their niche in college extracurricular activities. By taking challenging courses in high school, the students' academic transition to college will be easier. However, the most important skill to possess is in good time management because it will help students to distribute their time between recreation, and academics. Even though it is important to take several precautions before attending college, the student also has to be prepared mentally for this new venture. This assignment was worthwhile for me because after completing this assignment I now realize how I can be successful in college. However, the only problem for me now is to apply these â€Å"precautions† into my daily routine. One problem I had with this assignment was starting it. Whenever I write, I always have problems brainstorming my ideas even though I often use an outline. Another problem that I had in this first assignment was expanding my thoughts about main point into two paragraphs. When I normally write, I am used to summarizing each idea or main point in one paragraph rather than two or three.

Mary Wollstonecraft and Gender Inequality in Our Modern World Essay

Ridgeway states that â€Å"In the United States as in many other societies, gender relationships are changing and inequalities between men and women are questioned in virtually every sphere – at work, in the home, and in public affairs.† In Mary Wollstonecraft’s â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women,† she argues different issues about women’s role in society, and she called for equality between men and women. However, even now women still demand equal rights with men because gender inequality still exists throughout different countries in the world. Since â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women,† many issues have changed for women in society in various fields such as education, employment, and politics, but some specific problems exist now. In the modern world, there are many gaps between men and women in different positions. Wollstonecraft’s piece still applies to women in the modern world because of social, economic, and political inequality. Wollstonecraft argues that women’s societies are neglected when she wrote hundreds of years ago. This is still true in the present day because in most societies men and women are allocated diverse duties, rights, and privileges. Women and men have different roles in society. Gender inequality is characterized by the social process individuals deal with. According to Wollstonecraft, â€Å"There must be more equality established in society or morality will never gain ground, and this virtuous equality will not rest firmly even when founded on a rock† (198). This means that society plays an important role in determining the position role of the women, and that role depends on religion, traditions, and customs. They are attached to values joined to human well-being and prosperity. Research shows that â€Å"Sex categorization unconsciously primes gender stereotypes. This allows the stereotypes to become cognitively available to affect our behavior and judgments† (Fisk ). Regardless, how much they truly do shape our conduct can vary from inconsequential to huge depending on the particular situation and our own specific goals and interests. For example, in general, men are accepted by society to be particularly more skilled than women in male work -settings such as engineering, sports, and positions of expertise, while women are advantaged in female- work settings such as childcare and communication. In other words, Wollstonecraft acknowledges society expects a different thing from men and women. Also, Wollstonecraft writes about the role of women in the economy is not as clear and concrete as it is for men. Wollstonecraft mentions that â€Å"Business of various kinds they might likewise pursue if they were educated in a more orderly manner, which might save many from common and legal prostitution† (205). In other words, people don’t know what women can accomplish because they have never been allowed to fully participate in the economy because of gender-defined jobs. In most of the world, women spend more hours working than men. In addition, they spend a lot of energy doing housework which is unpaid and along these lines not considered when economists analysts measure the amount of work done by men and women. Indeed, even women who have full-time occupations do the majority of housework in the household. In most countries, women possess an exceptionally small percentage of the basic leadership positions in the upper economic range. Although women work more hours than men, the wage gap between the genders remains generally static between women and men working full time according to the study in the article, â€Å"Women still make only about 80% of what men earn for full-time work† (Ridgeway). Also, corporations should assist in treating both women and men similarly because when women choose to have kids and stay home for maternity leaves they don’t make it up the chain of leadership. However, companies should significantly assist in executing approaches that incorporate women again into the workforce in senior positions after having children including more flexible advancement processes and activities as strategic scheduling. Furthermore, Wollstonecraft discusses that women’s politics has been intangible for many years and still exists in the modern world. According to the article, â€Å"Women are less likely to hold managerial or supervisory positions, and when they do, their positions carry less authority† (Ridgeway). Men have had the monopoly on political power for a long time which indicates gender inequality and led to its continuation. Even in democratic societies, gender segregation happens in governmental issues both concerning assumptions about political devotions that fall along gender lines, and dissimilar gender representation inside delegate vote based systems. Truly, this is considered obvious when women couldn’t even vote. Wollstonecraft writes that â€Å"They might also study political, and settle their benevolence on broadest basis, for the reading of history will scarcely be more useful than the perusal of romances† (205). The participation of women in politic al life is one of the most important elements of the democratic process in a country. Therefore, the weakness of democratic mechanisms and forces in society contributes to the marginalization of women’s political participation. Public and private communities should strengthen their capacities to contribute to the development of their female population. It should be noted that traditional societies are more likely to recognize women’s political rights. This is important because women with access to political power might have an opportunity to change her situation thus disrupting the narrative that men are the traditionally powerful ones in society. Obviously, when Wollstonecraft wrote the â€Å"Vindication of the Rights of Women,† she opened the doors for women’s rights. Wollstonecraft piece is still applicable to women in the modern world because of social, economic, and political systems. Although women have equal rights in some fields, some issues of equality regarding society’s rights and duties are still with us today because it depends on society how people think about and respects women. Works Cited Fisk, Susan, â€Å"How Does Gender Inequality Persist?.† Gender.stanford.edu, Monday,2 May. 2011, http://gender.stanford.edu/news/2011/how-does-gender-inequality-persist. Ridgeway, Cecilia. L, â€Å"HOW GENDER INEQUALITY PERSISTS IN THE MODERN WORLD.† Scholarsstrategynetwork.org, June. 2013, http://www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/how-gender-inequality-persists-modern-world. Jacobus, Lee, editor. A World of Ideas. Bedford /St. Martin’s, 2017. Mary, Wollstonecraft. â€Å"Of the Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society†. Bedford /St. Martin’s, 2017, pp. 198-205. NSCC Grading Rubric for Composition I and II Note: All essays are marked for errors and include comments. This rubric shows the breakdown of your score. Any essay that does not meet the requirements of the assignment may not be graded and may receive a zero. Any essay that contains an abundance of major grammatical errors or numerous repetitive errors that negatively affect the meaning and readability may lose extra points. A. Content Topic Fits assignment, narrowed appropriately, focused, original, shows independent thought, creative Thesis Statement Clear, strong, focused, logical, and insightful Rhetorical Technique Adheres to assigned rhetorical technique or blends rhetorical techniques effectively to enhance the strength of content Support Evidence, details, examples, and explanations are sufficient, thorough, accurate, logical, well-developed, and effectively support claims, ideas, and the topic Critical Thinking Appropriate level of analysis, evaluation, inference, or deduction of issues related to the topic Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 B. Organization Thesis Placement Thesis statement is logically placed for the specific essay Introduction Catches reader’s attention, accurately introduces scope of paper, interesting Conclusion Leaves reader with a sense of completion reemphasizes point and/or motivates reader, the appropriate ending for essay Paragraphs Each paragraph is well developed and relates to the thesis has a strong topic sentence and presents solid supporting information Sequencing Careful development of related ideas in coherent, sequential paragraphs with smooth and logical transitions that create a smooth flow of the essay Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 C. Editing Grammar Essay is free from major errors, such as fragments, comma splices, run-ons, and agreement errors, and minor errors, such as punctuation and capitalization Style Tone is mature, consistent, and suitable, a voice is appropriate for academic writing, and awareness of audience is evident Language Sentences are forceful, clear, and logical, a variety of sentence structures are present, and diction is precise and expressive using college-level vocabulary Presentation Correct MLA style formatting, including MLA style heading, double-spacing, correct margins, and font style and size, with a strong title and indented paragraphs Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 D. Documentation Sources Appropriate amount of research is used from credible and quality sources instead of sources such as encyclopedias, SparkNotes, eNotes, BookRags, Wikipedia, answers.com, or the like; sources support rather than overwhelm the writer’s ideas Borrowed Information Quotations use quotation marks or are put in block format if needed and are written exactly as the author intended, paraphrases and summaries are written well and do not change the meaning of the original, information is integrated smoothly into text and thoroughly discussed, and quantity and quality of information is appropriate In-text Citations Formatted correctly with a signal phrase and a citation that matches the first element of the works cited the entry Works Cited Page Starts a new page, entries are double-spaced and indented correctly, information is incorrect order and complete, and no extra sources are listed that are not cited in the essay Comments Possible Score Your Score 25 Total Score Possible Score Your Score 100